Category Archives: technology

Fantastical Mechanical Music Machines

My husband owns a Yamaha Disklavier, an acoustic piano with a digital interface that allows it to be controlled by, or to record into, a computer, usingMIDI. Today in Lecco, I had a chance to observe some of this instrument’s ancestors, part of a show by the Associazione Italiana Musica Meccanica (the Italian Association for mechanical music).

In a sense, these wonderful creatures are giant music boxes. We’ve all seen the cheap music boxes you can buy in souvenir shops: a wind-up mechanism attached to a small metal cylinder that has with little pins sticking out at intervals. As the cylinder turns, the pins brush across a series of graduated metal prongs, making a brief, tinny melody.
The machines I saw today went far beyond that. The gentleman shown above described his as the jukebox of its day – it’s even coin-operated. This “cylinder piano” and its kin were used in taverns and dance halls in Italy until the 1920s or 30s. In this model, the pins on the cylinder cause the piano hammers to trip just as a finger pressing on a key would; an octave and a half of metal chimes (on the left) add variety to the sound.

The challenge was always how to change the tune. The model shown above could hold ten tunes on a single cylinder – not one after the other as you go around the cylinder, but side by side. To change the tune, you move a lever that ratchets the cylinder sideways.

The solution to getting more songs onto a cylinder is track pitch (the distance between one track of data and the next – a term familiar in modern digital data storage). The closer the rows of pins, and the smaller the levers that read them, the more information (music) fits onto a single storage unit, in this case a large metal cylinder. The technology and know-how to create these cylinders barely exists anymore; one of the last people who could do it was videotaped demonstrating the process just before he died.

jaquard mechanism

This huge, elaborate music machine (brought to Lecco on a 3-meter trailer) uses a punched-card system very similar to the Jacquard loom. The hinged cards fold up into thick little books, each holding a three- to five-minute tune:

books for mechanical music

Computer Viruses

I’m getting up to 100 emails a day. Most of these are viruses and spam, and are filtered straight into the trash because they are sent to an email address which the spammers have invented or a virus has randomly generated (all mail sent to straughan.com comes to me). Others I see, but they have become obvious and predictable and I delete them with hardly a glance at their contents.

One had a dangerous twist though. At the bottom of the (brief) email it included these lines:

++++ Attachment: No Virus found

++++ Norman AntiVirus – www.norman.com

This is very similar to the standard lines that many anti-virus programs automatically put into incoming email to let you know whether it’s clean or not. I had never heard of Norman anti-virus, and even thought it was a joke, since one of the popular anti-virus packages is from Norton. In any case, my anti-virus is AVG, so I knew this message was spurious. In fact, AVG had added these lines at the true end of the message:

Viruses found in the attached files.

The attached file ou.doc .exe is infected by I-Worm/Netsky.Q. The attachment was moved to the virus vault.”

So… even if a mysterious email with an attachment claims to be clean, don’t trust it. Make sure that it has truly been inspected and passed by your own anti-virus software. And again: NEVER OPEN AN ATTACHMENT THAT YOU’RE NOT EXPECTING TO RECEIVE, NO MATTER WHO IT COMES FROM OR WHAT IT CLAIMS TO BE.

I visited the Norman site, and find that they do indeed make anti-virus software. Since I had never heard of them before, I am tempted to wonder if they are spreading this virus themselves as a publicity stunt. Especially since I’ve just received a very similar email, but with the name of a different virus protection software company, again one I’d never heard of. Hmm.

Another thing to watch out for: spyware.


Then there are viruses whose random text hits below the belt:
“you are a bad writer”
“Let’us be short: you have no experience in writing letters!!!”

July 5, 2004

In light of Microsoft’s ongoing problems with hackers targeting its products, it seems wise to get as far away from Microsoft as possible, within the limits of the fact that many of us need to use Windows for our daily work. Last week’s reports of of a new hack which allows attackers to take control of your computer via Microsoft Internet Explorer finally jolted me into something I’ve been meaning to do for a while: change browsers. I took the advice of the Washington Posts’s tech columnist, and have switched to Mozilla Firefox. So far I find it very similar to IE in look, feel, and behavior, minus the dangers of hackers (for now).

 

More Virus Sneakiness

I received the following email last night:

“Dear user of e-mail server “Yahoogroups.com”,
Some of our clients complained about the spam (negative e-mail content) outgoing from your e-mail account. Probably, you have been infected by a proxy-relay trojan server. In order to keep your computer safe, follow the instructions.
Please, read the attach for further details.
For security purposes the attached file is password protected. Password is “87240”.
The Management,
The Yahoogroups.com team http://www.yahoogroups.com”

There was a password-protected zip (compressed archived) file attached.

The alarm bells started ringing in my head, even though my virus scanner had passed this attachment as clean. If Yahoo really had something to tell me, why would they put it in a password-protected file? I did NOT open the file, and I warned my fellow moderators of this Yahoo group not to open it. I turned to my group of expert friends for their opinions, and one told me he had recently received this warning from his ISP: “There’s a new virus on the loose that’s able to trick our antivirus program on our email server. It’s in a password protected zip file. Unfortunately, there is no method to scan password protected zip files, so our server sends it through.”

The moral of the story is the same as it’s always been: if you are not expecting a file from somebody, and/or anything seems strange about the situation, do NOT OPEN THE ATTACHMENT. You’ll save yourself and everyone in your address book a world of trouble.

See also

Computer Viruses 4

Virus mutation is happening alarmingly quickly. I have gotten into the habit of updating my virus software almost daily. Nonetheless, something arrived in my mailbox the other day which my virus software passed as clean. But it was from someone I didn’t know, with an executable (.EXE) attachment, so I didn’t touch it. I updated my virus software and ran a check and, sure enough, it was a virus.

Even had this piece of mail claimed to be from someone I know, I would have been suspicious unless I had been expecting to receive such a file from that person right then. Many viruses disguise themselves with fake email addresses pulled from your own address book, and/or someone you know may be infected and not know it himself.

Another Reason to Secure Your Computer

Some viruses are now looking to turn your unprotected computer into a spam-generator, especially if you have a high-speed, always-on connection such as cable or DSL. Such abuse of your system could result in your service being cut off by your Internet Service Provider. Read all about it.

Computer Viruses 3

Since the MyDoom attack, I’ve gotten into the habit of updating my anti-virus software almost daily. What’s scary is that new updates have been available that often, meaning that new viruses are appearing that frequently (many of them variants on MyDoom). I can’t say it enough: UPDATE YOUR ANTI-VIRUS SOFTWARE. If it’s too old to catch the current bugs, it’s no use to you.

You may also have noted that there’s a new security hole in Windows discovered just about every week. Hackers may have even more opportunities to exploit Windows vulnerabilities, now that several million lines of Windows source code have been leaked, so be prepared for an increase in attacks. It doesn’t hurt to run Windows Update weekly, at least, to see if Uncle Bill has any new patches for his leaky boat.